Acute responses to Exercise
I have experienced the effects of exercise on my body. The body has a number of systems that work together to allow you to take part in exercise by increasing the oxygen and energy supply to my muscles. I am going to design a series of tests and exercises as the South Island Performance Enhancement Unit. My role is to further explain how the body reacts to sport in order to help SIS School sport teams.
After taking part in practical exercises and activities to investigate the body's acute response to exercise and collect the physiological data. I have taken pictures and recorded my findings, I will now report the different changes that happened to my body.
Reference 1, results from 3x3 basketball game
Reference 2, results from energy system
Musculoskeletal
Muscular and skeletal system includes muscles, bones and ligaments. Before doing any type of sporting activity the athlete should complete a warm up before taking part in exercise this is because the muscular system becomes ready to do the certain activity. If this is completed it is less likely that the athletes will injury themselves. The warm up should increase the athletes heart rate and mobilization, this will be done by doing a lap or two around the pitch or hall. The warm up with pump more blood to the chosen muscles. Once the athletes muscles is warmed up their muscles will be more pliable and the muscle is more able to stretch without tearing. Once muscles tissue has been warmed up the nervous impulses rate increases. once the transmission of heat the speed increases. Athletes will be able to have a wider range of movement and the production of synovial fluid has increased. This happens since joints in the athletes body are moving more quicker than normal this means that more synovial fluid in the joints allows to move. Synovial fluid becomes thinner since the joints are warmer making the required movement to occur more efficient. Since the joint is warmer the increase of elasticity of tendons and ligaments occur. Micro tears occurs during exercise develop in the athletes muscle fibers. Once the muscles are under pressure excessive stress such as lighting weights will cause small tears in the muscles which are called micro fiber tears. Once the athlete is at rest by not doing any exercise the muscles repairs the tear which has occurred.This happens by adding more proteins to the muscles which is where the muscle grows.Micro tears are tiny and cause a small amount to moderate soreness and stiffness.
Since doing a warm up before playing the basketball game my heart rate would have already increased this would pump the blood around to the moving muscles and alert them that I'm about to take part in sport. For the vasodilation scale this might, depending on the warm up make me go a little red in the face. My blood pressure should increase during the warm up since the blood flow would increase since the blood is moving to the working muscles. Also my breathing rate should increase should have increased but not too much since the warm up was just a little job and a few dynamic stretches. The sit and reach test wouldn't really change but it could depending on the sport, for example I would think swimming would improve the flexibility since I would be stretching more often than completing a basketball game. The tidal volume should increase maybe by one or one point since a warm up isn't putting my body under pressure. By completing a warm up I shouldn't be exhausted it might increase to one but not even.
Since doing a warm up before playing the basketball game my heart rate would have already increased this would pump the blood around to the moving muscles and alert them that I'm about to take part in sport. For the vasodilation scale this might, depending on the warm up make me go a little red in the face. My blood pressure should increase during the warm up since the blood flow would increase since the blood is moving to the working muscles. Also my breathing rate should increase should have increased but not too much since the warm up was just a little job and a few dynamic stretches. The sit and reach test wouldn't really change but it could depending on the sport, for example I would think swimming would improve the flexibility since I would be stretching more often than completing a basketball game. The tidal volume should increase maybe by one or one point since a warm up isn't putting my body under pressure. By completing a warm up I shouldn't be exhausted it might increase to one but not even.
cardiovascular
The cardiovascular system includes the heart, blood vessels and lungs. The anticipatory response which is the heart rate. Before exercise athletes heart rate would increase in anticipation, this would be because mediated gets releases of adrenaline from the adrenal glands hormone. This will prepare the athlete for the event which is about to occur, making the athletes blood pressure increase and heart rate by doing nothing but being nervous. When the athletes heart rate has increased this would happen at the beginning of exercise this is directly proportional to increase when completing high intensity activities until the athlete is near exhausted. Once the athletes reach this point this would be their heart rate max, the heart rate increases so that the muscles are working and receive enough nutrients, oxygen and removing the waste products for example carbon dioxide. Once the blood pressure has increase the blood is forced to flow around the athletes body so that the contraction of the heart produces the blood pressure whilst it pushes the blood into the blood vessels. The two valves in the heart are given for blood pressure, during rest the systolic blood pressure should be 120/80 to the typical healthy athlete. If the figure is high the systolic value heart contracts lower the figure is the diastolic values the heart is relaxing. Once exercise has started to begin the systolic pressure and the pressure during contraction of the heart is known as systolic which is able to increase to enable more blood flow to oxygen.
When I completed a 3 versus 3 basketball game you can notice that pre and post the basketball game you can see that my heart rate has increased I know this because 60% of 203 / 100 x 60 is 121.8 this calculation shows that 121.8 is the maximum heart rate, this means that to be working at this rate I have worked the hardest I can for the duration of the game. However, the post record I wrote if you look at reference 1 it is 110. This means that I wasn't working to the maximum that I possibly could.
When I completed a 3 versus 3 basketball game you can notice that pre and post the basketball game you can see that my heart rate has increased I know this because 60% of 203 / 100 x 60 is 121.8 this calculation shows that 121.8 is the maximum heart rate, this means that to be working at this rate I have worked the hardest I can for the duration of the game. However, the post record I wrote if you look at reference 1 it is 110. This means that I wasn't working to the maximum that I possibly could.
respiratory
The respiratory function includes the inter costal muscles, lungs, gases exchange. During inspiration, the muscles move upwards and outwards, the diaphragm contracts downwards to get more oxygen into the lungs by creating more space. During expiration , the ribcage moves downwards and inwards, the cavity decreases in size and lungs recoil and the diaphragm relaxes and goes back to its original position. The function is to provide athletes with a continuous and adequate supply of oxygen to the muscle tissues, enable the removal of carbon dioxide from the athletes body and to help control the athletes body temperature. The athletes breathing rate should increase, this is the amount of breaths per minute. This is because of neural and chemical influences. Neural influence would be that the rate and depth of breathing for the athlete is controlled by the respiratory center which is located in the medulla. The medulla sends neural impulses to the respiratory muscles. The other influence, chemical is because of the chemo-receptors which are located around the athletes body. They are massive blood vessels like the aorta. The sensitive chemical such as oxygen and carbon dioxide and pH acid levels within the blood. These will be detect the athletes change in normal levels which stimulates the athletes body to remove these by breathing more heavily. Again looking at reference one my results from the basketball game you can see that my heart rate has increased and so has the tidal volume this is because the blood is flowing faster to the moving muscles which increases the blood pressure, since after the game I was breathing more heavily my tidal volume increased since I was able to get more oxygen in and out of my body faster with more pressure.
energy systems
The function of the energy system is to produce ATP this will make the athletes muscles contract. The adenosine which is a protein, three phosphate molecules are attached, one a chemical bond has been released the energy will be released. Large amount of storage, which contain PC, is in the athlete’s muscles, this is contained the ADP this will mean that the athlete’s muscles will be able to keep contracting.
![Picture](/uploads/2/4/9/2/24920395/8733658.png?175)
ATP-PC System
Once the athlete has began exercise the system provides ATP, the phosphocreatine is the phosphate and a Creatine is the molecule. Once the bond has been released the energy has been made this means that the bond, which has been released between the bonds ATP, has been created and a phosphate to recreate ATP.
Once the athlete has began exercise the system provides ATP, the phosphocreatine is the phosphate and a Creatine is the molecule. Once the bond has been released the energy has been made this means that the bond, which has been released between the bonds ATP, has been created and a phosphate to recreate ATP.
![Picture](/uploads/2/4/9/2/24920395/5585162.png?158)
Lactic Acid System
Once the PC has ran out the lactic acid kicks in, the breakdown of glucose occurs in the athletes body because there is a lack of oxygen. Once glucose has broken down it becomes to be pyruvate. Since there is no oxygen the pyruvate converts to lactic acid this system which releases energy quickly.
Once the PC has ran out the lactic acid kicks in, the breakdown of glucose occurs in the athletes body because there is a lack of oxygen. Once glucose has broken down it becomes to be pyruvate. Since there is no oxygen the pyruvate converts to lactic acid this system which releases energy quickly.
![Picture](/uploads/2/4/9/2/24920395/1403590937.jpg)
Aerobic System
This system is different to the other two since this system needs oxygen to work. This occurs once a few minutes have gone past, providing ATP at a slower rate but lasts longer than the ATP-PC system but only at a lower intensity. Oxygen breaks down the glucose to produce ATP then bonds are released and energy occurs.
This system is different to the other two since this system needs oxygen to work. This occurs once a few minutes have gone past, providing ATP at a slower rate but lasts longer than the ATP-PC system but only at a lower intensity. Oxygen breaks down the glucose to produce ATP then bonds are released and energy occurs.
All of these energy systems work together to produce energy. If the athlete is completing a 100-meter sprint then he or she will be using the ATP-PC system. If the athlete is doing a 6minute row at the same intensity then he or she will be using the lactic acid system and if the athlete is doing a fifteen hundred meter run he or she will be using the aerobic system. During rest the athletes aerobic system the athlete will need all the energy he or she can have. If the athlete is starting to do exercise and uses more ATP than the aerobic system can supply causing the lactic acid system to start happening, rugby combines all three systems.
Looking at reference two I did all three systems the ATP-PC system I carried out six intervals of twenty meter sprints my resting heart rate is 58bpm and it took me about three minutes to get back to my resting heart rate. This is because the sprints meant I was working without oxygen making me not work for a long period of time. The lactic acid system I carried out a six minutes row, working for the same amount of intensity throughout the session. It took me 4 minutes this time to get back to my resting heart rate; this is because I was working harder than the six intervals of twenty-meter sprint (ATP-PC system). However for the aerobic system completing a awful twelve-minute run, it took me five minutes to get back to my resting heart rate. This is because I was working with oxygen for a longer period of time.
Looking at reference two I did all three systems the ATP-PC system I carried out six intervals of twenty meter sprints my resting heart rate is 58bpm and it took me about three minutes to get back to my resting heart rate. This is because the sprints meant I was working without oxygen making me not work for a long period of time. The lactic acid system I carried out a six minutes row, working for the same amount of intensity throughout the session. It took me 4 minutes this time to get back to my resting heart rate; this is because I was working harder than the six intervals of twenty-meter sprint (ATP-PC system). However for the aerobic system completing a awful twelve-minute run, it took me five minutes to get back to my resting heart rate. This is because I was working with oxygen for a longer period of time.